Nanoparticles and their Application in Molecular Biology

Abstract

Several groups of materials, including inorganic, organic, hybrid, and biological materials, are used to create nanoparticles. Ball milling, vapors deposition, electro spraying, metal salt reduction, sol-gel, coprecipitation, and thermal decomposition are all methods used to create inorganic nanoparticles. By using supercritical solution dialysis, microemulsion, nanoprecipitation, and rapid expansion, organic NPs can be produced. Organic and inorganic materials are used to create hybrid nanoparticles. Several biological nanoparticles, such as lipoproteins, exosomes, ferritin, and viruses, are found in nature. Furthermore, biomolecules including proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides can be used to create nanoparticles. Nanoparticles typically have higher surface-to-volume ratios, superparamagnetism, hardness, Coulomb energy, and catalytic activity than bulk materials do. Nanoparticles are employed in a variety of applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, bioimaging, catalysis, nano manufacturing, lubrication, electronics, textile production, and water treatment systems. This is because of their distinctive structural, magnetic, mechanical, and electrical capabilities