Solar energy a green approach of production of energy: a literature review

Abstract

India is the world’s third-largest energy consuming country. Due to expanding economy, population, urbanization and industrialization energy demand is increasing continuously. Conventional energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil or nuclear are exhaustible and have harmful environmental impacts such as air pollution, climate change, and natural resources decay. Therefore, there is a need of alternative sources of energy such as wind energy, solar energy. hydro energy. biomass energy and geothermal energy etc. These energies are renewable and ecofriendly. Solar energy is one of the renewable energy resources with significant potential to resolve the existing energy challenges. For the generation of this energy solar photovoltaic cells are being used which are reliable, clean, scalable, provide affordable energy, and are cost-effective in the long term. Recently, India ranked fourth in solar photo voltaic cell generation in the year of 2021. Its installed capacity was around 71.61 GW up to August 2023. Presently, solar tariff in India is very competitive and has achieved grid parity. This paper includes various techniques of production of solar energy